Dayside auroral processes are a key manifestation of the interaction between the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere in the polar ionosphere. They involve phenomena like dayside diffuse auroras and throat auroras, and are crucial for studying the coupling of the solar wind and magnetosphere, deformation of the magnetopause, and the effects of the Earth's space environment.

The polar ionosphere, crucial for Sun-Earth energy coupling, focuses on polar plasma irregularities (e.g., subauroral polarization streams, storm-enhanced density, plasma patches), ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling, ion upflow/outflow, and space weather effects. These studies are vital for understanding the space environment and ensuring space activity safety.